Is a 7/12 extract the same as an RTC?

They are functional equivalents - Maharashtra's 7/12 and Karnataka's RTC are both revenue records of agricultural landholding - but the columns, update cycles and issuing departments differ, and neither is a title document.

Do land records prove ownership in India?

No. Indian land records are presumptive, not conclusive. They record who the revenue department believes holds and cultivates the land. Ownership is established by registered instruments and the chain of title, which is why a title search reads deeds rather than relying on the revenue record.

Land Record Portals by State - India

Every Indian state runs its own land-record system with its own document names, and the equivalents do not map cleanly. Maharashtra's 7/12 extract, Karnataka's RTC (Pahani), Tamil Nadu's Patta/Chitta, Telangana's Dharani record, Uttar Pradesh's Khasra/Khatauni and West Bengal's Khatian all serve a broadly similar revenue function but differ in what they prove, how often they update, and whether they carry any presumption of ownership. Registration records - the actual deeds - sit on a separate state portal in every case.

All state land records guides

How to Check Banglarbhumi Khatian and Plot Records in West Bengal (RS vs LR vs CS)

On banglarbhumi.gov.in pick district-block-mouza and search by Khatian or Plot; WB uses RS (Revisional Settlement), LR (Land Reforms) and CS (Cadastral Survey) Khatians, and you can download a

8 min read

How to Check 7/12, 8A and Mutation Records on AnyROR Gujarat (VF-6/7/8A)

On anyror.gujarat.gov.in choose Rural/Urban land record then district-taluka-village-survey number; VF-7 is the 7/12 ownership record, VF-8A is the Khata and VF-6 is the mutation register.

8 min read

What Is Bhu-Naksha and How to View a Cadastral / Plot Map by Survey Number

Bhu-Naksha is the NIC cadastral mapping system available state-by-state (bhunaksha.<state>.gov.in); pick state-district-village and a survey number to see boundaries, sub-divisions and land-use —

10 min read

How to Check Jamabandi Land Records Online in Haryana / Gurugram (Khewat, Khasra, Intkaal)

On jamabandi.nic.in (Web-HALRIS) open Jamabandi Nakal, pick district-tehsil-village and search by owner, khewat or khasra; ownership changes since the last revision appear as mutation (intkaal)

8 min read

How to Check Khasra and Khatauni Land Records on UP Bhulekh (Dakhil Kharij Explained)

On upbhulekh.gov.in view Khatauni (record of rights) and Khasra (plot number) free; online copies are reference-only, certified copies come from the tehsil. Mutation (dakhil kharij) updates the record

8 min read

How to Check Adangal and 1B Land Records on Meebhoomi in Andhra Pradesh

On meebhoomi.ap.gov.in pick district-mandal-village, then Adangal (crop/possession) or 1B (ownership/title) by khata number; FMB cadastral maps and e-passbooks are free. 1B = title, Adangal =

8 min read

What Is ULPIN / Bhu-Aadhaar (the 14-Digit Land ID) and How to Use It in Diligence

ULPIN (Bhu-Aadhaar) is a 14-digit geo-referenced ID generated from a parcel's lat/long under DILRMP, linking ownership, boundaries and land type into one source of truth. Verifying a plot's ULPIN and

7 min read

How to Check Patta and Chitta Land Records Online in Tamil Nadu (and the EC on TNREGINET)

Patta (ownership) and Chitta (classification) are now merged and viewable free on eservices.tn.gov.in by survey/patta number; the EC is on tnreginet.gov.in (Form 15 lists encumbrances, Form 16 is

8 min read

How to Check the Dharani / Bhu Bharathi Land Records in Telangana (and the ROR Correction Deadline)

Under the Bhu Bharati Act 2025, Dharani was replaced by Bhu Bharathi in April 2025, restoring the 11-column Pahani; Dharani-era errors carried over and ROR corrections must be filed by April 13, 2026

8 min read

How to Download a 7/12 (Satbara) Extract Online in Maharashtra — and 8A vs Property Card

The 7/12 (Satbara) combines Form 7 (ownership) and Form 12 (crops) on bhulekh.mahabhumi.gov.in; 8A is the village-level Khata and the Property Card is the urban equivalent. Like Karnataka's RTC, all

8 min read

Key terms

ULPIN (Bhu-Aadhaar)7/12 Extract (Satbara)Patta and Chitta Khasra and Khatauni

Frequently asked questions

Is a 7/12 extract the same as an RTC?: They are functional equivalents - Maharashtra's 7/12 and Karnataka's RTC are both revenue records of agricultural landholding - but the columns, update cycles and issuing departments differ, and neither is a title document.
Do land records prove ownership in India?: No. Indian land records are presumptive, not conclusive. They record who the revenue department believes holds and cultivates the land. Ownership is established by registered instruments and the chain of title, which is why a title search reads deeds rather than relying on the revenue record.

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